2020年考研英語(一)真題及答案解析：

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts, Answer the questions each text by choosing A B. C or D.

Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points)

Text 1

Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks.

Starting next year. any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 1o years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this " clawback" rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk taking and to restore public trust in financial institution, Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.

“Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies.

says the Bank of England's top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a gaint of classical

economics, Alfred Marshall in describing this financial impatience as acting like" Children who

pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.

The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain. he notes has

dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. transient investors, who demand

high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in lone-term research

or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed "quarterly capitalism”.

In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities quicker use

of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. " There seems to be a

predominance of short- term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner

Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.

In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer

performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce"short-termism. " In its latest survey of CEO pay The Wall street Journal finds that"a substantial part"of executive pay is now tied to performance.

Much more could be done to encourage "long-termism, such as changes in the tax code

and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company

investment for at least two years can sometimes can more voting rights in a company.

Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to

think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders, Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance not just for the short term but for the long term.

21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the

A. enhance bankers' sense of responsibility

B help corporations achieve larger profits

C. build a new system of financial regulation

D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives

22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate

A. the conditions for generating quick profits

B. governments impatience in decision-making

C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies

D. "short-termism" in economic activities

23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be

A. indited B. adverse C. minimal D temporary

24. The US and France examples and used to illustrate

A. the obstacles to preventing "short-termism.

B. the significance or long term thinking.

C. the approaches to promoting long-termism.

D. the prevalence of short-term thinking.

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text

A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism

B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue

C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives

D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers